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Cognitive, structural and functional brain changes in a model of psychotic relapses
Ledvinková, Michaela ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Schizophrenia is a serious nerodevelopmental disease with many sophisticated symptoms. One of its characteristics are relapses which are currently surrounded by consensus that each relaps causes further structural and functional defecits and can even lead to loss of grey matter. Recently, studies of cognitive deficit became prominent and increased the number of possible methods to study schizophrenia. Animal models are used for studying this phenomenon and focuses on neurobiological processes and cellular metabolism and its research is crucial to developing new ways of treatment and understanding schizophrenia. This review mainly focuses on relapses and how they affect progression of this desease. Key words: schizophrenia, psychosis, relaps, neurobiological progression, energy metabolism, cognitive deficit, animal models
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Issues of nursing care for Clubfoot Diagnosed Child
KOŠNÁŘOVÁ, Kateřina
The area of the care of a Clubfoot (pes equinovarus congenitus PEC Clubfoot) Diagnosed Child is the topic of this Paper. Currently, the PEC is the second most frequent congenital deformity within orthopaedics. The theoretical part of this Paper deals with a description of the PEC, its diagnostics, cure and a possible risk of relapse. A sub-chapter of the Paper introduces the Achilleus association, which is the only body in the Czech Republic bringing together parents of PEC diagnosed children. The Paper also focuses on nurses and their role(s) in the nursing care of PEC diagnosed children. The empirical part of this Paper covers a research with the following directions: - parental knowledge of PEC diagnosed children care at home; - specifications of the nursing care of PEC diagnosed children; - nurses and their educational role (if fulfilled) in the nursing care of PEC diagnosed children. The research presented in the empirical part of the Paper was based on a semi-structuralized interview and open coding technique. The interviews were conducted with parents of PEC diagnosed children and care providing nurses who also play an important educational role in this matter. The benefit of the Paper, based on collected research data, is to provide a complete overview on the problems relating to the care of PEC diagnosed children. The outcome is supposed to be also presented to appropriate expert public for further consideration. The research outcome presents that the level of parental knowledge of the PEC diagnosed children care at home is very high and that parents provide their children with a quality care. The Paper describes that specifications of the nursing care of PEC diagnosed children are mainly evident in appropriate and consistent education of parents as the homecare is usually a long-term process. Finally, the Paper also shows that nurses in their educational role in the nursing care of PEC diagnosed children do not fulfil their tasks to such an extent that is expected.
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Pregnancy of woman with multiple sclerosis
DUBOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis is focused on problematic of multiple sclerosis during in pregnancy period, during the birth and followed during confinement. It is autoimmune neurologic illness, which defines itself with many inflammatory focus in spinal cord and white brain mass, which then damages the cover of nerve fiber. This results in loosing of axons, to damage of structure and function of cells, which are in central nerve system.Thanks to scientific progress and new diagnostic criteria it is possible today to get very precise diagnosis already after first MRI, which enables the doctors to immediately start with cure which significantly postpones invalidity. Multiple sclerosis is illness which often affects young people, and women in fertility period even twice more often. Therefore there is the question, what about the pregnancy in combination with this illness, important not just for women affected by this illness and having the role of mother, but also for the whole society. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the multiple sclerosis. In several chapters is presented epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, the forms of illness, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and cure. The thesis in more detail with problematic of parenting and multiple sclerosis. In this part several chapters deals with for example planning of parenting, pregnancy with multiple sclerosis, the way of birth, confinement and breast feeding while being affected with MS. In the end, the theoretical part is finalized with some information about how should birth assistant take care for pregnant women with MS during pregnancy, birth and confinement. There are three aims of this bachelor thesis. First was to put together a literal review about problematic of pregnancy and women with MS. Second aim was to observe if the pregnancy, birth and post birth period had any effect on making the MS worse. The third aim was, to find out if pregnant women with MS were informed about the effect of pregnancy on their illness. The theoretical part is followed by practical part with its qualitative research. Based on established targets were used few research questions and with help of half-standardized interview the relevant answers from three respondents were acquired. He answers were then processed into case studies. From accessible theoretic data it is possible to finally state, that if woman with MS decides to ave children, she should plan her pregnancy in the period when the illness is stabilized, that means in the period of six to twelve months without attack. She should be always under control of specialists, consult her decision with her neurologist, possibly based on his recommendation also with other specialists. Before planned birth, the MS affected women should discontinue the treatment in case of medicaments of first choice, where was not proved its teratogenicity. The woman should plan her parenthood with regard to her family support, when the family should help her with taking care for the child. Professional publications don?t prove any negative effect of MS on pregnancy. Actually these publications prove that the pregnancy has good effect on multiple sclerosis. It is very important to cooperate with neurologist especially during critical three months after birth. From results of many researches, we know that even though some attacks occurred during pregnancy, it didn?t have any negative impact on deterioration of their neurologic deficit. If respondents were interested to get information regarding this problematic they got them from their neurologists. They also tried to search for information on internet, for example on website of Union Roska. Just one respondent would be happy to get the information more integrated, maybe in book form.Midwife should be oriented at least in basics of MS problematic, because they may help the woman to get through her pregnancy, birth and confinement period.
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